What Robert F. Kennedy Jr. didn’t tell you about ‘Operation Northwoods,’ the false flag operation he loves to denounce
- Written by Ken Hughes, Research Specialist, the Miller Center, University of Virginia
Something’s missing from Robert F. Kennedy Jr.’s accounts of “Operation Northwoods.” Something that explains the origins of this menu of false flag operations[1] – pretexts for war with Cuba – drafted by the Pentagon in March 1962.
Something about his father.
Most people remember Robert F. Kennedy as President John F. Kennedy’s closest confidant, campaign manager and attorney general[2], the tough but idealistic younger brother who helped him through the Cuban missile crisis and later waged an antiwar campaign for president, before becoming the second Kennedy brother slain by an assassin[3].
During Robert F. Kennedy Jr.’s political rise to his current position[4] as Secretary of Health and Human Services, he capitalized on the story of “Operation Northwoods,” giving his version of it in[5] speeches[6], interviews[7], and two separate[8] books[9].
Kennedy Jr. pinned the blame for the pretexts solely on “the highest officials in the U.S. military,” accusing them of “lethal zealotry,” decrying “how badly the American military leadership had lost its moral bearings[10].”
To illustrate the point, he cited one pretext at length: “A ‘Remember the Maine’[11] incident could be arranged in several forms: We could blow up a U.S. ship in Guantánamo Bay[12] and blame Cuba.”
In each of these accounts, Kennedy Jr. omitted the most important part of the “Operation Northwoods” story: his father’s role. I learned of that role from documents declassified by the JFK Assassination Records Review Board[13], in the Kennedy Library[14] and in other archives while researching a book I’m writing, “Clandestine Camelot.”
Debacle with a chaser of deceit
In the first foreign policy memo he dictated, Attorney General Kennedy broached the idea of fabricating an attack on the U.S. naval base at Guantánamo Bay in Cuba, one of the spoils of the Spanish-American War[16].
It was April 19, 1961, and the Bay of Pigs invasion[17] was in mid-collapse. Roughly 1,500 CIA-trained and -financed Cuban expatriates were mounting a doomed attempt to overthrow Fidel Castro, the Cuban revolutionary-turned-tyrant. Castro had the invaders pinned down on the beach under fire from Moscow-furnished MiG fighter jets.
It was then that the attorney general asked the president if they could get Central and South American nations “to take some action” to stop the flow of Russian arms to Cuba “if it was reported that one or two of Castro’s MiGs attacked Guantanamo Bay and the United States made noises like this was an act of war and that we might very well have to take armed action ourselves[18].”
Castro, of course, had not attacked the U.S. naval base. That would have meant war with America and the end of his regime.
President Kennedy didn’t act on his brother’s suggestion, but began including him regularly in foreign policymaking. Newspapers started calling RFK “the second most important man[19] in the Western World.”
From subversion to military intervention
During the 1960 presidential campaign, JFK called Cuba a “Soviet satellite[20]” and a “potential enemy missile or submarine base[21] only 90 miles from our shores.” In November 1961, hoping to undo the Bay of Pigs failure, he created his own covert operation “to help Cuba overthrow the communist regime[22].” He put his brother Robert in charge[23] of the secret program of subversion, code-named “Operation Mongoose.”
Fomenting revolution in Cuba faced an insurmountable obstacle: Castro was already powerful enough to crush any purely internal uprising.
CIA[24], State Department[25], and Defense[26] Department officials agreed that the only way to overthrow Castro was a U.S. invasion.
Under Robert Kennedy’s leadership, the “Special Group (Augmented)[27],” the interagency group JFK charged with overseeing Mongoose, proposed to change the covert operation’s goal from orchestrating subversion to justifying U.S. military intervention.
On March 5, 1962[28], the group asked Deputy Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs U. Alexis Johnson “to have a list prepared of various situations which would serve as a plausible pretext for intervention[29].” In the minutes of that meeting, someone crossed out “plausible pretext” and wrote “valid basis.”
The origin of 'Operation Northwoods’
After the meeting, “in response to direction[31],” Mongoose operations chief Edward G. Lansdale asked the Joint Chiefs of Staff for “a brief but precise description of pretexts[32] which the JCS believes desirable for direct military intervention.”
The Joint Chiefs of Staff responded by drafting the document now known as “Operation Northwoods.”
Fun fact: No one called it “Operation Northwoods” at the time.
“Northwoods” was just a code word the Joint Chiefs of Staff used on Mongoose documents. In the 21st century, however, historians[33] mistook[34] the code word for a code name and gave the pretexts their unhistorical handle. There was no “Operation Northwoods,” but that didn’t stop it from getting its own Wikipedia page[35].
The Special Group (Augmented) voted on March 13, 1962[36], to alter the Mongoose guidelines to state “that final success will require decisive U.S. military intervention[37].”
Three days later, the group briefed the president on the revised guidelines, including secret “plans for creating plausible pretexts to use force[38], with the pretexts either attacks on U.S. aircraft or a Cuban action in Latin America for which we would retaliate.”
President Kennedy said “bluntly[39]” that they were not then able to make a decision on the use of military force.
But he did tell the group to “go ahead on the guidelines.” Since the revised guidelines said that Cubans “will be used to prepare for and justify this [U.S. military] intervention[40], and thereafter to facilitate and support it,” the revision transformed Mongoose into a secret program to furnish the president with a pretext to invade Cuba if he so chose.
Fortunately, he didn’t.
Apocalyptic advice
The last recorded time Robert Kennedy urged his brother to consider a false flag operation was on Oct. 16, 1962, the first day of the Cuban missile crisis[41].
The president’s secret White House recording system captured Robert Kennedy advising him to consider fabricating a pretext for U.S military intervention: “Can I say that one other thing is whether we should also think of whether there is some other way we can get involved in this, through Guantánamo Bay or something. Or whether there’s some ship that … you know, sink the Maine again[42] or something.”
JFK ignored the suggestion. Taking it would have, in all likelihood, started a nuclear war[43].
This year marks the centennial of Robert Kennedy’s birth[44], the perfect occasion to stop scapegoating the military for his darkest deeds. In drafting pretexts for war, the Pentagon was complying with instructions it received through the command structure the president established for Operation Mongoose. Generals have little choice but to comply with such instructions unless and until Congress outlaws false flag operations.
Robert F. Kennedy Jr. wrote that the “Operation Northwoods memo should serve as a warning [to] the American people about the dangers of allowing the military to set goals or standards for our country.”
In reality, it reveals the dangers of letting someone like Robert F. Kennedy use the power of the U.S. government to deceive Americans about life-or-death matters.
References
- ^ this menu of false flag operations (nsarchive2.gwu.edu)
- ^ closest confidant, campaign manager and attorney general (archive.nytimes.com)
- ^ slain by an assassin (www.historytoday.com)
- ^ Robert F. Kennedy Jr.’s political rise to his current position (www.npr.org)
- ^ his version of it in (x.com)
- ^ speeches (www.washingtonpost.com)
- ^ interviews (x.com)
- ^ separate (www.skyhorsepublishing.com)
- ^ books (www.harpercollins.com)
- ^ lost its moral bearings (www.harpercollins.com)
- ^ ‘Remember the Maine’ (www.smithsonianmag.com)
- ^ Guantánamo Bay (theconversation.com)
- ^ JFK Assassination Records Review Board (www.archives.gov)
- ^ Kennedy Library (www.jfklibrary.org)
- ^ Keystone-France/Gamma-Keystone via Getty Images (www.gettyimages.com)
- ^ spoils of the Spanish-American War (www.usni.org)
- ^ Bay of Pigs invasion (www.britannica.com)
- ^ take armed action ourselves (history.state.gov)
- ^ second most important man (www.newspapers.com)
- ^ Soviet satellite (www.presidency.ucsb.edu)
- ^ potential enemy missile or submarine base (www.jfklibrary.org)
- ^ overthrow the communist regime (history.state.gov)
- ^ brother Robert in charge (history.state.gov)
- ^ CIA (history.state.gov)
- ^ State Department (history.state.gov)
- ^ Defense (www.archives.gov)
- ^ Special Group (Augmented) (www.google.com)
- ^ March 5, 1962 (catalog.archives.gov)
- ^ plausible pretext for intervention (catalog.archives.gov)
- ^ National Archives (catalog.archives.gov)
- ^ in response to direction (history.state.gov)
- ^ brief but precise description of pretexts (catalog.archives.gov)
- ^ historians (www.jstor.org)
- ^ mistook (www.newspapers.com)
- ^ Wikipedia page (en.wikipedia.org)
- ^ March 13, 1962 (www.archives.gov)
- ^ U.S. military intervention (history.state.gov)
- ^ plans for creating plausible pretexts to use force (nsarchive2.gwu.edu)
- ^ bluntly (nsarchive2.gwu.edu)
- ^ prepare for and justify this [U.S. military] intervention (history.state.gov)
- ^ Cuban missile crisis (armscontrolcenter.org)
- ^ sink the Maine again (prde.upress.virginia.edu)
- ^ started a nuclear war (ahf.nuclearmuseum.org)
- ^ the centennial of Robert Kennedy’s birth (millercenter.org)
Authors: Ken Hughes, Research Specialist, the Miller Center, University of Virginia
